The Benefits of Water and Salt to our body

Histamine/Anti-Histamine and the dangers of taking Anti-Histamine
(See links to more articles and videos at the end of this article)

Histamine is a chemical that our body releases when it needs help correcting a shortage of some very important substances like water, salt or potassium. Histamine and its buddies (5 helpers) will help re-balance the body that is “out of balance”. Histamine is really a good thing that saves our lives according to the great Dr. F. Batmanghelidj. The medical field today is using anti-histamines because it does not understand how histamine really works in the human body. When histamine is produced in the body, it can be over-produced because we are taking too much of one thing or another that our body cannot use.

A good example is orange juice. Orange juice is loaded with potassium that our body cannot use without salt. * So when a person drinks orange juice and does not take enough salt that is required for the potassium to go into the human cell, then histamine is released to take care of this problem. A person needs 1/8 tsp of salt (3/4 gram) for every 8 oz (250 cc) of orange juice for the potassium to be used by the cells in the body. Dr. Batmanghelidj explains this very clearly in his books.

The book I like best is the “ABC of Asthma, Allergies and Lupus”. On page 149 at the bottom and at the top of 150 he writes, “It is a good policy to add some salt to orange juice to balance the actions of sodium and potassium in maintaining the required volume of water inside and outside the cells.” In some cultures, salt is added to melon and other fruits to accentuate their sweetness. In effect, these fruits contain mostly potassium. By adding salt to them before eating, a balance between the intake of sodium and potassium results. The same should be done to other fruits.

What he is saying here is we need salt with all our food because of the potassium. Potassium is in almost everything we eat. Yes, salt can be very bad for us if we don’t take enough water to balance out the salt intake. Salt can cause high blood pressure, make us retain water and help in clogging up our arteries, and the list goes on. Dr. Batmanghelidj’s book, “Your Body’s Many Cries for Water”, explains how a shortage of water and or too much SALT will cause most of the medical problems we have today.

On the back cover it says,

YOU WILL LEARN TO USE WATER TO:

1. Prevent and reverse premature aging
2. Eliminate pain, including heartburn, back pain, arthritis, colitis, angina, and migraine headaches
3. Cure asthma in a few days, naturally and forever
4. Cure hypertension without diuretics or other medications
5. Lose weight effortlessly and naturally, without strict dieting

This book explains that a lack of water in the body (chronic dehydration) is the root cause of many painful diseases including asthma, allergies, hypertension, arthritis, angina pain and much more.

The biggest problem today is we are not drinking enough water; plain water, not coffee, tea, soda, sports drinks, energy drinks, etc. The human body needs plain water and salt. The proof of this is the use of “SALINE IV’s” in ambulances and hospitals. They don’t give an IV of plain water but of salt water. One liter of saline is 33.8 oz of water and 9 grams of salt (1 ½ tsp of salt). They don’t give you a sports drink or energy drink IV, but a saline IV and sometimes they will give you a liter of vitamins, minerals and another IV of sugar water (dextrose or glucose).

The best natural antihistamine is salt, according to Dr. Batmanghelidj If we take too much water and don’t take enough salt for our water intake, the body will release histamine. You can tell when you get a runny nose or possibly by having some congestion in your throat and lungs. If you are constantly clearing your throat, you need to take some salt . The same is true when eating foods rich in potassium or drinking fruit juices and not taking enough salt for the potassium in the juices. You can get a runny nose or have congestion in your throat or lungs. Too much salt intake will also cause the release of excess histamine and again you will get the runny nose or congestion in the throat or lungs. A person’s eyes could also be an indicator of histamine release in the body by giving them a watery (runny) eye. When you drink water and have one of the symptoms listed, then you need to put some salt on your tongue and the symptom should clear up. If you are eating food and have one of the listed symptoms then you need to take some salt for the potassium. Just put some salt on your tongue and if it stops the symptom, then you know what you are reading is true. It won’t hurt you to try it. You don’t have to swallow the salt, just let it stay on your tongue for a minute or two and then you can rinse the salt out of your mouth or just release it into a cup or napkin. If you took too much salt or put some salt on your tongue and have one of the symptoms, then you would drink a glass of water or two and the symptom would go away. Each person needs to be aware of their symptoms, and try to find the proper balance of water to salt as well as the required amount of salt for the foods they are eating.

I hope this letter will be of some help to those who are trying Dr. Batmanghelidj’s program for the first time. The strongest antihistamine we have is adrenaline that is released by our adrenal glands that sit over our kidneys. Coffee, or rather CAFFEINE, is what will stimulate the adrenal glands to release adrenaline. CAFFEINE will also cause the body to release its own stored energy it has for an emergency. When the stored energy is released, the body will borrow what it needs to put the energy back into its emergency system so it can react to another emergency. CAFFEINE will cause the body to cannibalize off itself. Every cell in the body needs water and salt to maintain healthy cells that will work together to keep a person in good health.

There is so much to be learned from reading Dr. Batmanghelidj’s books. This statement is from his book, “ABC of Asthma, Allergies and Lupus on page 172, at the bottom of the page. “STRICT ATTENTION TO DAILY SALT INTAKE IS VITAL FOR PREVENTION OF HEART DAMAGE THAT CAN BE CAUSED BY CONTINUOUS STIMULATION OF THE SYMPATHETIC NERVE SYSTEM WHEN ONLY WATER IS TAKEN.”

The use of commercial anti-histamines will only keep covering up the body’s shortage of water and salt. Just think about why doctors tell us to stay away from salt and sodium because it’s not good for us. The doctors say we get way too much salt in our foods today. Commercial foods are loaded with salt/sodium to extend (preserve) the life of the food. Excess salt/sodium is very bad for us if we don’t drink plain water. Plain water will wash out any extra salt held by the body. But drinking plain water and not taking enough salt will pull the salt out of the cells, causing an imbalance. This imbalance is what causes diseases. The body needs water and salt to stay healthy.

Ask your doctor or nurse to explain to you why they will give a person an IV of saline (salt water) in the hospital when they tell us we are getting way too much salt/sodium in our food today.

Our problem today is we are not drinking enough plain water anymore. We have turned to commercial beverages.

Animals in the zoo drink plain water. Dogs and cats drink plain water. Most dogs and cats don’t get enough salt. That is why they lick humans’ skin. It’s for the salt. I suggest that you put some salt in their water dish and you will see big changes in your animal.

Go to watercure2.org and look up pets. Also go to www.watercure.com.

*The minerals in natural sea salt are best. Plain white table salt has had the minerals removed and these minerals are sold. Sea salt tastes better. Our body needs these other minerals to stay healthy.

I suggest you check out all Dr. Batmanghelidj’s books and read them. They have been a life saver for me and many other people. If anyone has questions about what Dr. Batmanghelidj has written and needs some help understanding it, please contact Robert Butts.

Disclaimer: This information doesn’t replace your doctor or need for medications. This information is only meant to educate or make you aware of the body’s needs.All information on this page was taken from Dr. Batmanghelidj books, and edited for the internet by  Jim Bolen, a dear associate of Dr. Batmanghelidj. Please e-mail Robert Butts with any questions concerning the Water Cure or contact Jim Bolen concerning any information about this page (histamine/anti-histamine)..

Source: Histamine/Anti-Histamine and the dangers of taking Anti-Histamine

FURTHER READING & VIDEOS

The Healing Effects of Salt
http://www.saltcave.us/salt_benefits.html


The Difference Between Refined Salt and Unrefined Salt
http://www.louix.org/lddf/teachings/writings/health-and-nutrition/the-difference-between-refined-salt-and-unrefined-salt/

A Salty experience
http://healthcare8.com/salty_experience.html

Articles and Videos by Dr. Joseph Mercola (mercola.com)

"The 13 Amazing Health Benefits of Himalayan Crystal Salt, the Purest Salt on Earth" (and Why You Want to Avoid Conventional Salt)
 by Dr. Joseph Mercola (mercola.com)
http://products.mercola.com/himalayan-salt/

Amazing Health Benefits of Himalayan Salt 
by Dr. Joseph Mercola (mercola.com)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=HoE4ugZclk4

Amazing Benefits of Himalayan Crystal Salt (Part 1 of 4)  
by Dr. Joseph Mercola (mercola.com)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--bp9Dd6HcQ

Amazing Benefits of Himalayan Crystal Salt (Part 2 of 4) 
by Dr. Joseph Mercola (mercola.com)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lxmvYRQsxMg

Amazing Benefits of Himalayan Crystal Salt (Part 3 of 4)  
by Dr. Joseph Mercola (mercola.com)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UG6fYvzAj3Y

Amazing Benefits of Himalayan Crystal Salt (Part 4 of 4)  
by Dr. Joseph Mercola (mercola.com)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3v0DKlixYg

Fried Food Risks: Toxic Aldehydes Detected in Reheated Oil

ScienceDaily (Feb. 22, 2012)

Researchers from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU, Spain) have been the first to discover the presence of certain aldehydes in food, which are believed to be related to some neurodegenerative diseases and some types of cancer. These toxic compounds can be found in some oils, such as sunflower oil, when heated at a suitable temperature for frying.

"It was known that at frying temperature, oil releases aldehydes that pollute the atmosphere and can be inhaled, so we decided to research into whether these remain in the oil after they are heated, and they do" María Dolores Guillén, a lecturer in the Pharmacy and Food Technology Department at the UPV, said.
The researcher is a co-author of a project that confirms the simultaneous presence of various toxic aldehydes from the 'oxygenated α, β-unsaturated group' such as 4-hydroxy-[E]-2nonenal. Furthermore, two have been traced in foods for the first time (4-oxo-[E]-2-decenal and 4-oxo-[E]-2-undecenal).
Until now these substances had only been seen in bio-medical studies, where their presence in organisms is linked to different types of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
The toxic aldehydes are a result of degradation of the fatty acids in oil, and although some are volatile, others remain after frying. That is why than be found in cooked food. As they are very reactive compounds they can react with proteins, hormones and enzymes in the organism and impede its correct functioning.
The research, which is published in the Food Chemistry journal, involved heating three types of oil (olive, sunflower and flaxseeds) in an industrial deep fryer at 190 ºC. This was carried out for 40 hours (8 hours a day) in the first two, and 20 hours for the linseed oil. The latter is not normally used for cooking in the west, but it has been chosen due to its high content in omega 3 groups.
More toxic aldehydes in sunflower oil
After applying gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques, the results show that sunflower and linseed oil (especially the first) are the ones that create the most toxic aldehydes in less time. These oils are high in polyunsaturated fats (linoleic and linolenic).
Adversely, olive oil, which has a higher concentration of monounsaturated fats (such as oleic), generate these harmful compounds in a smaller amount and later.
In previous studies, the same researchers found that in oils subjected to frying temperatures, other toxic substances, alkyl benzenes (aromatic hydrocarbons) were found. They concluded that of the oils studied, olive oil is the one that creates the least.
The dose makes the poison
"It is not intended to alarm the population, but this data is what it is, and it should be taken into account" Guillén highlights, who points out the need to continue researching to establish clear limits regarding the risk of these compounds. "On some occasions the dose makes the poison" the researcher reminds us.
Spanish regulations that control the quality of heated fats and oils establish a maximum value of 25% for polar components (degradation products coming from frying). Nonetheless, according to the new study, before some of the oils analysed reach this limit, they already have a "significant concentration" of toxic aldehyde.
The study counts all the aldehydes (not the just the harmful ones) that are generated during frying. Furthermore, the authors present a model that allows the prediction of how any hypothetical oil will evolve in the same conditions, if they know its initial fatty acid composition.
Find the original Science Daily article HERE

204 Scientific Research Studies on Homeopathy

Triple Blind studies, Double-Blind Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial, Systematic Reviews & Meta Analysis, Evidence-base
December 4, 2011 · homeopathy
Authors : Dr. Nancy Malik BHMS

Abstract

Medicines for specific disease conditions, High dilutions, Animal Studies, Plant Studies
204 human studies published in 86 peer-reviewed international medical journals out of which 96+ are FULL TEXT out of which 94 are PDF which can be downloaded at http://bit.ly/gFJIbg
Key Words: Science, Homeopathic, Pharmacy, Genetics , Homeopath,

The short URL for this knol is http://bit.ly/rrpWCm
Research Papers upto year 2010 are included in this database
Download 95 FULL TEXT PDF research papers on homeopathy at Google Documents
Link to the Spanish version of this article
Link to the Hindi version of this article

CONTENTS

A. Basic Fundamental Research (Physics, Chemistry and Biology)
B. High Dilution Research
C. Clinical Research

1. Triple-Blind Studies
2. Double-blind Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial (DBRPCT)
3. Double-Blind Studies
4. Cohort/Observational/Pilot Studies
5. Systematic Reviews & Meta Analysis
6. Online Database

D.
7. Homeopathy Research Resource
8. More Research studies
9. Physics behind homeopathy

E.
10. Homeopathy as a Genetic Medicine
11. Evidence for specific disease conditions 12. Homeopathy superior to allopathy
13. Homeopathy cost-effective than allopathy
14. Homeopathy equals allopathy
15. Homeopathy superior to placebo
16. Homeopathy improving quality of life

F.
17. Evidence-based Medicine
18. To distinguish one homeopathy medicine from another
19. To distinguish homeopathy medicine from water
20. Potency Selection
21. Placebo Effect
22. Anecdotal Evidence

G.
23. Animal Studies
24. Plant Studies

Introduction
Evidence of homeopathy is undeniably positive and consistent. It’s a human evidence of experience, gathered from a real-world observation in a real-world setting (not in an ideal artificial laboratory) giving real-world solutions.


Read more HERE

The Pasta Diet

The Pasta Diet and Your Health
ITALIAN PASTA DIET -- IT REALLY WORKS !!

1.. You walk pasta da bakery.

2... You walka pasta da candy store.

3.. You walka pasta da Ice Cream shop.

4.. You walka pasta da table and fridge.

You will lose weight!

AND....

For those of you who watch what you eat, here's the final word on nutrition and health.

1. The Japanese eat very little fat and suffer fewer heart attacks than the English.

2. The Mexicans eat a lot of fat and suffer fewer heart attacks than the English.

3. The Chinese drink very little red wine and suffer fewer heart attacks than the English.

4. The Italians drink a lot of red wine and suffer fewer heart attacks than the English.

5.. The Germans drink a lot of beers and eat lots of sausages and fats and suffer fewer heart attacks than the English.

6. The French eat the most fat, drink the most wine and smoke the most, yet they suffer fewer heart attacks and cancer than the English.

CONCLUSION
Eat and drink what you like.
Speaking English is apparently what kills you.

Homeopathy during Epidemics

Did You Know?

Here are more fun anecdotes and statistics that describe the use of homeopathy for epidemics.
1. An 1813 epidemic of typhus fever (spread by lice) followed Napoleon’s army marching through Germany to attack Russia. When the epidemic came through Leipzig as the army retreated from the east, Samuel Hahnemann, the founder of homeopathy, treated 180 cases of typhus, only losing two (1.11% of the cases). This was at a time when conventional treatments were having a mortality rate of over 30%.

2. Within three years of the diphtheria outbreak in Broome County, New York, from 1862 to 1864, there was a report of an 83.6% mortality rate amongst the conventional medical doctors and a 16.4% mortality rate among the homeopaths.

3. The May 1921 edition of the Journal of the American Institute for Homeopathy had an article about the use of homeopathy during the 1918 flu epidemic. Dr. T. A. McCann, from Dayton, Ohio, reported that 24,000 cases of flu treated with conventional medicine had a mortality rate of 28.2% while 26,000 cases of flu treated homeopathically had a mortality rate of 1.05%.
Just watch the contemporary film, 'Contagion' and see!
The original article can be found here

Your Wellness Team at

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Despite up to 3,500+ Miscarriages, CDC Still Lying about H1N1 Vaccine Pregnancy Safety

by Tony Isaacs

In a shocking report issued in September, the National Coalition of Organized Women (NCOW) presented data from two different sources demonstrating that the 2009/10 H1N1 vaccines contributed to as many as 3,587 cases of miscarriage and stilldeaths. Despite having the data, the CDC has continued to assure pregnant women, a prime target group for the vaccine, and vaccine providers that the vaccine presents no risk for pregnant women.

NCOW used data from their own survey of pregnant women aged 17-45 years and the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), including updates through July 11, to estimate the true number of miscarriages and stillbirths following an H1N1 flu vaccination in the U.S. The NCOW estimated the number of miscarriages and stillbirths due to the H1N1 vaccine during the 2009/10-flu season to be 1,588, but they also noted that the figure was an average and that the number of miscarriages and stillbirths could have been as high as 3,587.

During the Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines (ACCV) meeting, Sept 3, 2010, Eileen Dannemann, Director of NCOW, presented the findings for the second time to Dr. Marie McCormick, chair of the Vaccine Risk and Assessment Working Group. Just prior to Dannemann's presentation Dr. McCormick, had pronounced that there were absolutely no H1N1 vaccine-related adverse events in pregnant women in 2009/10, directly contradicting the evidence publicly available.

"This baseless and fallacious assessment by the CDC assessment group has given the green light to the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) to continue their recommendation to give the 2010/11 flu shot to all people, including pregnant women," said Dannemann. She also noted that the upcoming 2010/11 flu vaccine contains the same elements that are implicated in the killing of these fetuses, the H1N1 viral component and the neurotoxin mercury (Thimerosal) plus 2 other viral strains.

The following week at the Sept 14th National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC) meeting Dr. McCormick, pronounced, once again, that there were no adverse events in pregnant women - despite having been informed on two previous occasions of the VAERS data. At the conclusion of the NVAC meeting, Dannemann submitted the data for the 3rd time during public comment and asked "Why hasn't Dr. McCormick looked in the VAERS data base?" Dannemann then concluded, "She looked where she knew she would not find".

Thus, it must be argued that the CDC was grossly negligent to fail to inform their vaccine providers of the incoming VAERS data, while providers blindly followed the CDC "standard of care" guidelines to vaccinate every pregnant woman in 2009/10. Furthermore, in the face of these findings and the purposeful withholding of these findings by CDC's Dr. Marie McCormick and her vaccine risk assessment group, for the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) to recommend another iteration of the same vaccine to pregnant women in 2010/11 may be argued as more than gross negligence -but rather- an act of willful misconduct.

In addition to roundly condemning Dr. McCormick and the CDC, NCOW strongly recommended that the CDC withdraw their continued recommendation to pregnant women, noting that "in light of the overwhelming adverse events reported, we emphasize that inoculating pregnant women with another untested vaccine containing a combination of components found in the offending 2009 H1N1 vaccine is insupportable."

Instead, NCOW recommends that the CDC adheres strictly to the FDA/manufacturers warning on the insert package which states that the flu shot not be given to pregnant women unless clearly needed. NCOW also called on the CDC to "advise all Ob/Gyns, vaccine providers and the public this year, of last season's VAERS reports on H1N1 vaccine-related fetal deaths".

Sources included:
http://www.progressiveconvergence.com/Final%20Press%20Release%20CDC%20Allegedly%20falsified.htm
http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/188385
http://healthfreedoms.org/2009/11/11/shocking-h1n1-swine-flu-vaccine-miscarriage-stories-from-pregnant-women-%E2%80%93-tell-your-doctors-that-vaccines-and-pregnancy-do-not-mix/

Article originally published HERE

Hospital staff afraid to speak up about medical errors

By Karen M. Cheung
February 21, 2012

Most health professionals are reluctant to report errors, fearing a punitive hospital culture, according to a recent Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) report.

Out of the more than half a million survey respondents from 1,128 hospitals, nearly half of the staff said that they feel their mistakes and event reports are being held against them, American Medical News reported. Nearly two-thirds said they think their mistakes are kept in their personnel file, and 54 percent said when an adverse event is reported, "it feels like the person is being written up, not the problem."

"You could see how the traditional approach--an event is reported and someone is written up--has a hall monitor in elementary school feeling to it," said patient safety advocate and hospitalist leader Bob Wachter, chief of the medical service at the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center. "It's extraordinarily destructive in a patient safety context."

Coupled with the fact that 86 percent of hospital workers don't report patient harm events, the AHRQ survey may prove to be disappointing news to patient safety advocates who have championed transparency and a blame-free hospital culture.

A Health and Human Services Department Office of Inspector General report last month, however, found that the reason for unreported events had to do more with staff misunderstanding of what events are reportable. The OIG recommends AHRQ and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services join forces to enhance the efficiency of incident reporting systems.

AHRQ also suggested that its survey isn't an end-all-be-all, but rather just the beginning. The agency encourages hospitals to create an action plan for patient safety improvement, including communicating the plan and tracking progress, as well as sharing best practices of what actually works.

For more information:
- read the amednews article
- check out the AHRQ report

Read more: Hospital staff afraid to speak up about medical errors - FierceHealthcare http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/story/hospital-staff-afraid-speak-about-medical-errors/2012-02-21?utm_medium=nl&utm_source=internal#ixzz1n3IFGlrA
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How One Company Teaches Employees the ABCs of Finance

To boost profits and improve the firm's interaction with clients, an insurance brokerage giant gives its 25,000 employees an education in finance and accounting.
By David McCann
February 16, 2012

Companies are in business to make money. So why is understanding how money is made — and core business concerns like risk management, financial reporting, and investor relations — almost solely the province of the finance department?

For salespeople, for example, it’s surely the case that knowing what makes their employers tick financially helps them sell in the way that most affects the bottom line. That advantage is multiplied by also appreciating finance and risk factors at client companies. It can even help non-customer-facing people realize the importance of pitching in on cost-saving efforts and recommending new efficiencies.

“When you improve the finance and accounting acumen across the company, good things happen,” says Jonathan Schiff, an accounting professor at Fairleigh Dickinson University and a longtime adviser to corporations. “It should be part of the CFO’s job to make sure everyone has a baseline understanding of those topics.”

For Marsh, a global insurance broker, “everyone” means everyone. The company launched a voluntary finance-education program last year and has made it mandatory for all 25,000 of its employees — or “colleagues,” in Marsh lingo — for 2012. The learning is delivered through a series of 27 video blogs in which company executives range topically from financial statements, investor strategy, and “thinking like an owner” to the company’s growth formula, scorecards, and “reviewing products through a financial lens,” among others.

The idea for the program — which is called “Making a Financial Impact at Marsh” — planted itself in the mind of Joe McSweeny, president of Marsh’s U.S./Canada division, during a “town-hall” tour of company offices in 2009. “It became evident to me that the broad swath of our colleague base did not understand earnings, and all that goes with that,” he says. “They did not understand how a public company functions or what its purpose is. I kept hearing funny comments like, “it’s a great day because the stock is up.’ ” Of course, a company’s share price on a given day is not likely a great gauge of its financial health.

Nick Hinton, Marsh’s finance director, adds that many people didn’t have a very good feel for the decisions a company must make, what a company is held accountable for, or the purpose of budgets, for instance.

The program’s conception and execution dovetailed with a pair of strategies Marsh was pursuing. One was linking more of employees’ compensation to the company’s net operating income. If total pay were contingent on earnings, knowing how to boost them would help both the company and the employees, the thinking went. “It was also partly about awareness-building,” says Hinton. “We wanted to help people understand that even though we were growing earnings, we were coming out of a very tough period, and they weren’t necessarily going to see major base-compensation increases.”

The other motivation was a desire to rebuild the company’s client relationships following the recession by having more substantive conversations with clients about their risk factors. Many client-facing employees, says McSweeny, didn’t sufficiently grasp how insurance products and risk-management services affect clients’ own financial performance. And they tended to have a shallow understanding of clients’ annual reports, which, he notes, “contain a lot of information about the company’s strategies and risk profile that is often couched in the language and presentation of its financials.”

Hinton says Marsh built the course on the assumption that participants would have very little understanding of finance concepts and terminology. But it’s hard to escape the notion that someone with no grounding in the topics might have a hard time following the discussions via the video blogs. A lot of information is delivered in short time frames; with only a couple of exceptions, the videos run between three and seven minutes.

But that’s where the program’s delivery through social media can help. The video blogs reside on Marsh U, the company’s education site, and participants can ask follow-up questions and offer commentary. For example, after watching a module delivered by chief operating officer Pat Hagemann, one participant asked, “Pat, I’m curious to know more about clients’ needs for data and their desire to make fact-based decisions. What types of analytics are they looking for? Is this about premium or about their coverage, exposures, or something else? Also, how do you see the sales process changing as a result of introducing analytics into the conversation?” Hagemann provided a lengthy reply.

The social-media approach and the content delivery by company executives may make Marsh’s educational initiative superior to those of other firms, suggests Schiff. “From an efficiency standpoint, getting education out to thousands of people can be done using media at a modest cost,” he says. “Many companies should emulate what Marsh has done.”

While efforts to give rank-and-file employees financial literacy aren’t uncommon in the financial-services sector, they’re much less prevalent elsewhere, Schiff observes. But even where such offerings exist, they are often of low quality, he adds. “Using internal people to convey the message is a big plus,” he says. “Marsh is taking a good position by not offering a check-the-box course provided by an outside vendor that doesn’t understand the company’s business.”

Schiff also applauds Marsh for making the program mandatory, unlike most others. Somewhat tongue-in-cheek, he says the company is making a statement that for an employee, a baseline degree of financial acumen “is just as important as knowing how to fill out your expense report or knowing where the restroom is.”

Meanwhile, Marsh is preparing to offer higher-level education that continues the theme of enhanced client contact derived from financial education. “Making a Financial Impact at Marsh” is now part of an umbrella program called “Driving Business Outcomes” that will include two more levels of learning. Each course will be a prerequisite for taking the next.

One of the new courses, for the one-third of company employees who are client-facing, will be called “Speaking the Language of Business” and provide a much deeper dive into financial statements. Understanding that language should help in communicating the value Marsh can provide for clients “by, for example, smoothing earnings or making efficient use of capital,” says McSweeny. The course will consist of four e-learning modules totaling about six hours.

The highest-level course, a half-day seminar followed six to eight weeks later by a day-and-a-half session, will include about 500 executive-level people and be called “Driving Results for Clients.” The aim is to marry the financial-statement knowledge they’ve gained with exposure to sophisticated analytics. Among other activities, participants will experience a hands-on, competitive board-game-like simulation in which they will assume senior roles with life sciences, communications, or power companies facing an assortment of internal and external risks.

The courses are designed in part to ease interaction with midsize companies, among which Marsh, whose traditional clients are large companies, is making a stronger push. That inevitably involves working directly with CFOs, who are likely to have direct risk-management responsibilities at companies of that size.

“It requires that we understand how CFOs see risk in the context of financial statements,” says McSweeny. “How does it impact their reporting and the variability of their income streams? These educational offerings are a very high priority for us that are underpinning some key strategies we’re driving.”

The original CFO article is available HERE

Make the Most of Meetings

Think about the last time you participated in a meeting with people who don’t usually work together:
—Was it hard for some people to park their egos at the door?
—Who engaged in turf wars to take command of the discussion?
—Who competed for meaty assignments?
—Did some people show vivid indifference? Inattention? Passion?

If the leader was skillful and popular and if the subject was exciting, you may have witnessed a successful example of team building. Perhaps people learned what to expect from one another and began to pull together to achieve common goals. Once the new team achieved the desired result and the members returned to their normal duties, it may have become clear who the “power players” were—those who could be useful for the next project.

Whether you are an executive assistant at the top of your game, a midlevel assistant with a “tiger by the tail,” or a newbie just learning your strengths, take the time to observe and get involved in the process of meeting effectively. The future of every organization depends on it.

Gradually, over a series of meetings, people learn each other’s strengths. They form alliances around shared interests. Effective leaders harness these alliances to power up assignments and produce impressive results. From your vantage point with senior executives, you have a close-up view of smart meeting leadership. Emulate it when it’s your turn to lead a group.

Meeting Leadership
The best meeting leaders have learned that every team has several leaders—some formal, others informal. These include:

Official Leaders: These managers have the formal authority to run the meeting and issue assignments. However, if they want commitment from others, they know they have to share power with the informal leaders in the group.

Subject Matter Experts: These informal leaders bring specialist knowledge to the
table. Smart meeting leaders invite them to contribute strongly in their subject areas.

Charismatic Leaders: These informal leaders bring popularity, energy, and passion
to meetings, whether they are for or against the proposal. When they speak, others listen. Smart bosses listen and respond.

Slow Starters: These meeting members are smart players who don’t think aloud. They may need an invitation to contribute. Good leaders inform them with pre-meeting previews. They also provide visual aids, games, and other ploys to involve these less verbal team members.

Naysayers: These are the habitual pessimists or cynics who enjoy tearing down any favored idea. Smart meeting leaders welcome them, to a point. Better to handle early opposition inside the team than to face surprise attacks from outside, late in the game.

Meeting Planning
If meeting management is among your tasks, you may already use a preferred template. If not—here’s a useful format to help you and your managers clarify their meeting requests quickly.

To request a meeting, fill in the fields below…

1. Purpose ________________________________________________

2. Desired Outcome      _____________________________________

3. Approach       ____________________________________________

4. Participants   ___________________________________________

5. Day/Time/Place ________________________________________

6. Duration    _____________________________________________

7. Physical Layout   _______________________________________

8. Announcement Method   ________________________________

9. Agenda    _______________________________________________

10. Follow-up   _____________________________________________

Meeting Ground Rules
When you begin new partnerships, it is often appropriate to create some ground rules. This can easily be accomplished by answering such questions as:

• What do we want to achieve during our time together? (What are our objectives?)
• What expectations do we all have about preparations for these meetings?
• What roles will each of us play and what are we expected to contribute?
• What happens when team members do not meet established expectations?
• How should we handle contention or disagreement?
• What criteria can we establish to gauge our progress and/or success?
• What rules, if any, should we establish about communication?
• What other ground rules should we include?

You may come up with something like the following list of rules to post on your meeting room wall:

1.  Find a way to take an active part in the meeting. Offer your services or accept an assignment.
2. Study the topic beforehand so you can contribute useful data from your viewpoint.
3. Work toward the group’s goals or debate them, but do not pursue a private agenda.
4. Keep an open mind; consider others’ ideas willingly.
5. Practice active listening. Concentrate on what is being said before you respond.
6. Use feedback and self-disclosure as humbly as you can.
7. Concentrate on process and projects, not personalities.
8. Interact ethically; avoid labeling other people’s motives.
9. Enjoy the process of learning together.

You will find that when groups establish their own operating rules and then post them where they can be seen and used to guide meetings, participants will be more likely to abide by them and so the group will be more successful.

Rules Governing Feedback

Giving feedback:
—Ask the presenter if he/she would like feedback.
—Share your expectations based on the presenter’s introduction of the presentation.
—Express how your expectations were met.
—Suggest how the presentation might be improved in any of these areas:

• Structure or persuasion (How can they be more convincing?)
• Eye contact or other body language (How can they appear more credible?)
• Content (How might it be more useful or persuasive?)
• Give one or more genuine compliments.

Receiving feedback:
—Acknowledge whether or not you would like feedback.
—If you want feedback on a specific aspect of your presentation, say so before you begin.
—Listen openly. Listening does not mean you have to agree.
—Ask clarifying questions as needed.
—Avoid arguing.
—Thank the person for their input.

© Copyright American Management Association. All rights reserved.

Adapted from the AMA seminar Management Skills for Administrative Professionals.

Originally published at : http://www.amanet.org/training/articles/Make-the-Most-of-Meetings.aspx?pcode=XCRP

Don’t Just Be a Manager…Be a Human Lie Detector/Manager.

By American Management Association24. September 2010 07:00

Pssstt. You. At the computer. Keep this hush hush…there are ways to learn if your employees are being truthful or not without the use of an undercover agent and/or private eye. Here are some signals to look for. And remember…no single gesture by itself will tell you…but several together should be enough for you to question any verbal message:

• The employee fails to maintain strong eye contact and, instead, looks at the floor or the ceiling—anywhere but in your face.
• The employee repeats himself or herself several times to overcome any doubt you might have. The more often the message is repeated, the more doubtful the truth of the message.
• The employee replies in a higher-pitched voice, one that is also louder than normal. This is an involuntary, often fearful, response.
• The speaker’s eyes shift, often to the left, and blink.
• The speaker’s eyes become smaller. Tiny pupils are sometimes an involuntary response by the body to a deliberate falsehood.
• The speaker swallows harder and more obviously, another involuntary physical response to having told a lie.
• The not-so-discreet individual covers his or her mouth in an attempt to muffle the information given.

How should you respond? You should maintain eye contact and neutral body language, remain silent and wait for a response. Sometimes, your reaction to the employee’s words may be enough to prompt him or her to jabber until sufficient information comes out to enable you to probe for the truth. You can also speak up. Respond, “Are you sure that is the case?” or “Is that accurate?” Again, wait. Give the employee a chance to be honest.

http://www.amanet.org/Blog/post/Done28099t-Just-Be-a-Managere280a6Be-a-Human-Lie-DetectorManager.aspx

Read more articles at the American Management Association

Edzard Ernst - Critic Of Homeopathy Exposed

News Source: Newsletter of the German National Association of Homeopathic Physicians
News Date: February 15, 2012
Author: Ursula Kraus-Harper
In April 2010 the Deutscher Zentralverein homoeopathischer Aerzte (German National Association of Homeopathic Physicians) published an interview with Professor Edzard Ernst in its newsletter.[1]
In this interview Ernst claims that he “acquired the prerequisites” to be able to add ‘homeopathy’ to his medical title “but never applied for the title”. In fact, a crucial ‘prerequisite’ in Germany, where homeopathy is regulated, is to have passed an exam at the relevant regional branch of the German Landesaerztekammer (medical council), and Ernst never did this. As the interviewer points out:

“So is it correct that you did not acquire the additional medical title ‘Homeopathy’ but took further medical education courses in homeopathy? If yes, which ones?

Ernst: "I never completed any courses.”

In short, it appears that the leading ‘authority’ on homeopathy, and perhaps its most referenced critic, has no qualifications in homeopathy.[2]

This will not come as a surprise to anyone who has read William Alderson’s Halloween Science, the detailed critique of Ernst and Simon Singh’s Trick or Treatment?[3]  In his discussion of the chapter on homeopathy Alderson concludes that:

“it destroys entirely Ernst and Singh’s credibility as a reliable source of information about at least one of the therapies they discuss in detail, and this renders highly questionable their reliability as a source of information about all the other therapies.”[4]

Alderson also claims that Trick or Treatment? shows Ernst to be unreliable as a researcher into homeopathy. He outlines 11 mistakes which can arise from ignorance of the principles of homeopathy, and which can seriously affect the reliability of randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses of homeopathy.[5] None of these are mentioned by Ernst and Singh.

“What is unforgivable in two ‘trained scientists’ (p. 3) is they have not considered the implications of these issues in respect of the validity of trials. They do not even refer to any of them when they present two trials to illustrate that individualisation does not guarantee the success of homeopathy.”[6]

Ernst’s failure to take these issues seriously is confirmed by the interview, when he is asked:

“Do you see fundamental problems with double-blind studies for individualised methods?"

Ernst: "No.”

This failure is also confirmed by looking at the protocol of a trial of Arnica he specifically mentions in his career details.[7] In this trial approximately one third of the patients were given Arnica 30c and another third Arnica 6c, and “Tablets were to be taken three times daily for seven days preoperatively and fourteen days postoperatively.”[8] Not only did this mean that treatment was not individualised, but patients were taking medicine for a week before the operation when there was nothing to treat. Such a procedure will have unpredictable effects, and is anathema to homeopathic principles and prescribing practice.

We believe that it is time to recognise that opposition to homeopathy is largely based on the opinions of individuals who are unqualified or unwilling to judge the evidence fairly. Against them is the experience of millions who have actually benefited from homeopathy. A recently published example of this success is the trial in Cuba where 2.3 million people were immunised homeopathically against endemic Leptospirosis. In two weeks, the infection rate plummeted by 80% in the trial areas and the mortality rate dropped to zero, with this success continuing though the following year.[9,10]

One person may be right and 2.3 million may be wrong, but this interview confirms the evidence which H:MC21 has already presented, namely that one individual, Edzard Ernst, is not a credible source of information about the effectiveness of homeopathy.

References
1. ‘Interview mit Professor Edzard Ernst, Exeter’, Homoeopathische Nachrichten, April 2010, pp. 1-3, available at: <http://www.dzvhae.com/portal/pics/abschnitte/300410102802_hn168april10.pdf?PHPSESSID=273eb20b3c19d743c6c106bbd56fd1dc>. The translation can be downloaded below.
2. There are no qualifications mentioned in his career details on the Peninsula Medical School website at <http://www.pms.ac.uk/compmed/ErnstCV-extended.pdf>, accessed 17 March 2009.
3. Simon Singh and Edzard Ernst, Trick or Treatment? Alternative Medicine on Trial (London: Bantam Press, 2008).
4. William Alderson, Halloween Science (Stoke Ferry: Homeopathy: Medicine for the 21st Century, 2009), p.86
5. Halloween Science, pp. 57-62.
6. Halloween Science, p. 61.
7. <http://www.pms.ac.uk/compmed/ErnstCV-extended.pdf>, accessed 17 March 2009.
8. C. Stevinson BSc MSc, V.S. Devaraj FRCS FRCS(Plast), A. Fountain-Barber MCSP SRP, S. Hawkins MCSP SRP, E. Ernst MD PhD, ‘Homeopathic arnica for prevention of pain and bruising: randomized placebo-controlled trial in hand surgery’, J Roy Soc Med, 96 (2003), 60-65, p. 61.
9. G. Bracho, E. Varela , R. Fernández, B. Ordaz, N. Marzoa, J Menéndez, L. García, E. Gilling, R. Leyva, R. Rufín, R. de la Torre, R.L. Solis, N. Batista, R. Borrero, C. Campa, ‘Large-scale application of highly-diluted bacteria for Leptospirosis epidemic control’, Homeopathy, 99 (2010),156-66, at <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20674839>.
10. ‘Homeopathy associated with dramatic reduction in Leptospirosis infection in Cuban population’ Faculty of Homeopathy press release, 3 August 2010, at <http://www.facultyofhomeopathy.org/media/press_releases/leptospirosis_infection_in_Cuban_population.html>
Originally posted HERE

Almost 800 adverse reactions to swine flu vaccine identified

CARL O'BRIEN

THE SWINE flu vaccine has topped the list of drugs responsible for the largest number of suspected adverse reactions, new figures show.

A total of 779 suspected adverse reactions were linked to the vaccine between 2010 and 2011.

Most of these were relatively mild, such as localised swelling, gastrointestinal problems and flu-like symptoms.

However, health authorities have identified up to 30 cases of young people with the sleeping disorder narcolepsy as part of an investigation into a possible link between the condition and the swine flu vaccine, Pandemrix.

Health authorities insist the vaccine is safe and that the risk-benefit balance for the jab remains positive.

The Irish Medicines Board said the high reporting rate linked with the pandemic vaccine reflected “both the extent of usage and repeated requests and reminders by the IMB and Health Service Executive for reporting of experience with their use”.

It added that the place of a medicine on an overall list of adverse reactions could not be taken as an indicator of safety or risk.

“The number of reports received cannot be used as a basis for determining the incidence of a reaction as neither the total number of reactions occurring, nor the number of patients using a medicine is known,” it said in a statement.

Overall, figures requested by The Irish Times show there were just over 6,000 adverse reaction reports from January 2010 to December 2011.

The anti-psychotic drug Clozapine, also known as Clozaril, ranks second-highest in the number of adverse reactions (543).

Common adverse effects of the drug include dizziness, rapid heartbeat, constipation, excess saliva production and weight gain.

The vaccine that protects girls against cervical cancer – the HPV vaccine – was responsible for the third highest number of reactions (507), followed by the vaccines used in childhood immunisation (379).

The Health Service Executive, meanwhile, has said that it is working to identify any potential cases of narcolepsy as part of ongoing clinical research into any possible link.

Preliminary data from Finland and Sweden in 2010 linked an increase in narcolepsy among young people with Pandemrix.

Swedish data estimated the vaccination might cause three cases of narcolepsy for every 100,000 vaccinations. However, a more recent study has suggested that narcolepsy is triggered by the swine flu infection and not by the vaccine.

The young people in Ireland affected range in age from five to 21 years old. HSE clinics administered more than 900,000 doses of Pandemrix in 2009 and 2010.

The use of Pandemrix is no longer recommended in Ireland and GPs have been advised to return any remaining stocks. This year’s seasonal flu vaccine does not contain Pandemrix.

Authorities in Finland have begun a compensation process that includes an initial payment and ongoing assessment of needs.

Original article

Pregnancy-Related Complications Predict CVD in Middle Age

ScienceDaily (Feb. 18, 2012)

If you develop pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders or diabetes, you may have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life, according to research in Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association. Women who developed pregnancy-related hypertension (preeclampsia) or diabetes were at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. Preeclampsia was associated with a wider range of CVD risk factors and may be a better predictor of CVD in middle age than other pregnancy-related complications.

"We wanted to learn about possible explanations as to why women with pregnancy complications tend to have more heart disease later in life," said Abigail Fraser, M.P.H., Ph.D., School of Social and Community Medicine at the University of Bristol, United Kingdom.

Researchers studied 3,416 pregnant women enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children in the early 1990s. Among them, 1,002 (29.8 percent) had one pregnancy complication, 175 (5.2 percent) had two and 26 (0.8 percent) had three.

The complications included gestational or pregnancy diabetes, hypertensive (or high blood pressure-related) disorders of pregnancy (also known as preeclampsia), preterm delivery, and size of babies at birth (top and bottom 10 percent in weight). Researchers correlated these with cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors measured 18 years later when the women were an average of 48 years old.

Researchers then calculated the women's odds of experiencing a cardiovascular event in the next decade using the 10-year CVD Framingham risk score, which includes such factors as age, total and HDL ("good") cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diabetes and smoking status.

They found:

• Preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and giving birth to babies small for gestational age were associated with an increased risk of heart disease. Each complication was associated with different CVD risk factors.
• Gestational diabetes was associated with a 26 percent and preeclampsia 31 percent greater risk of developing heart disease in middle age.
• Among women who experienced these pregnancy complications, gestational diabetes was associated with higher levels of fasting glucose and insulin.
• Preeclampsia was associated with higher body mass index and larger waist circumference, as well as higher blood pressure, lipids and insulin.
• Women who gave birth to babies large for gestational age had larger waist circumference and higher concentrations of blood glucose. Those who had preterm babies had higher blood pressure.

"Pregnancy may provide an opportunity to identify women at increased risk of heart disease while they are relatively young; thus, it would be useful for medical professionals to have information on pregnancy complications so they can recommend lifestyle changes and any necessary medical intervention sooner," Fraser said. "A woman who experiences complications during pregnancy should be proactive and ask her doctor about future CVD risk and steps she should take to modify her risk."

The women in the study had not experienced a CVD event, so the researchers couldn't determine whether preeclampsia and/or pregnancy diabetes have separate, independent effects on future CVD risk.

A larger study with longer follow-up could help determine whether pregnancy complications could affect how the 10-year CVD Framingham risk score is calculated for these women, Fraser said.

Furthermore, because the study population was predominantly white, replicating the research with other racial groups will provide additional data on the association between pregnancy complications and CVD risk, she said.

The British Heart Association, Wellcome Trust and United States National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases funded the research.

Read the original Science Daily article here
Image 1 obtained here
Image 2 obtained here

Low-cal diet slows aging

2009-07-09

Chicago - A 20-year study of monkeys shows that a reduced-calorie diet pays off in less disease and longer life, US researchers said on Thursday, a finding that could apply to humans.

They said rhesus monkeys on a strict, reduced-calorie diet were three times less likely to die from age-related diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes over the study period than monkeys that ate as they liked.

"We have been able to show that caloric restriction can slow the aging process in a primate species," Richard Weindruch of the University of Wisconsin in Madison, whose study appears in the journal Science, said in a statement.

"We observed that caloric restriction reduced the risk of developing an age-related disease by a factor of three and increased survival," Weindruch said.

Humans may benefit too

The study in primates reinforces similar findings in yeast, worms, flies and rodents, and suggests other primates - including humans - may benefit, too.

Since people live far longer than monkeys, it may never be possible to fully study the effects of calorie restriction in humans, but monkeys do offer a close approximation, the team said.

Most caloric restriction studies have found that a lifetime of deprivation is needed to achieve the longer-life benefits, and many research teams are working on ways to replicate the findings with drugs.

Researchers reported on Wednesday that the antibiotic rapamycin, sold by Wyeth under brand Rapamune to suppress the immune system in transplant patients, showed promise at slowing age-related disease in older mice, but it is not clear how it works.

And several teams are hoping to harness the age-defying benefits of red wine. GlaxoSmithKline last year spent $720m to buy Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, which has developed a souped-up version of the red wine compound resveratrol that has been found to make mice live longer and stay healthier.

Monkey at 30% less calories

In the latest study, Weindruch and colleagues studied the effects of calorie restriction over two decades in a group of rhesus macaque monkeys.

Half of the monkeys were allowed to eat as they pleased, and the other half ate a carefully controlled diet that provided just two-thirds of the calories they would normally choose to eat.

The team found that half of the monkeys that were allowed to eat freely over the course of the 20-year study have survived, while 80% of the monkeys that ate 30% fewer calories over the same period are still alive.

While rhesus macaques have an average life span of about 27 years in captivity, the team said.

The animals that ate less had half the amount of heart disease and cancer, and there were no cases of diabetes in the low-calorie group.

Animals on a restricted diet also had more brain volume in some regions than the animals that ate freely, suggesting diet may affect brain health in aging as well.

Original article published HERE

- Reuters Read more on:    longer life  |  low calorie diet

The Secret To Long Life? Starve Yourself On Alternate Days To Boost Brain Power And Shed Weight

By Pamela Owen
19th February 2012

Dailymail
Starving yourself can prolong your life

Starving yourself on alternate days can make you live longer, according to scientists.

A group of Americans have said that fasting on and off can boost brain power and help to lose weight at the same time.

The National Institutes for Aging said their research was based on giving animals the bare minimum of calories required to keep them alive and results showed they lived up to twice as long.

The diet has since been tested on humans and appears to protect the heart, circulatory system and brain against age-related diseases like Alzheimer's.

'Dietery energy restriction extends lifespan and protects the brain and cardiovascular system against age-related disease,' said Mark Mattson, head of the laboratory of neurosciences at the NIA and professor of neuroscience at John Hopkins University in Baltimore.

'We have found that dietary energy restriction, particularly when administered in intermittent bouts of major caloric restriction, such as alternative day fasting, activates cellular stress response pathways in neurones,' he said to the Sunday Times.

In one set of experiments, a group of mice were only fed on alternate days while others were allowed to eat daily.

Both groups were given unlimited access to food on the days they were allowed to eat and eventually consumed the same amount of calories.

Professor Mattson said he found the mice fed on alternate days were more sensitive to insulin and needed to produce less of it.

High levels of the hormone, which is produced to control sugar levels after a meal or snack, are usually associated with lower brain power and are at a higher risk of diabetes.

The brains from both sets of rodents were then examined and Professor Mattson said he found the calorie restricted diets appeared to improve the function of brain synapses.

These are the junctions between brain cells which promote the generation of new cells and make them more resistant to stress.

Previous research has found that starving yourself for a few days can help in the fight against cancer.

Scientists found that depriving healthy cells of the food they need sends them into a survival mode, making them highly resistant to stress and damage caused from chemotherapy.

Experts have described the behaviour similar to animals waiting out the winter by hibernating.

Read more HERE

Originally published HERE

Cases of malaria are 50% more than believed

Sun Feb 19 2012


Malaria kills 1.2 million people annually, or about 50% more than it was expected and believed previously. The disease affects most adults and older children, not just adolescents, says a new study.

The good news is that deaths actually have decreased thanks to better medicines and treatment against mosquitoes in ponds. The study of the University of Washington in Seattle. For data collection, the researchers used a method called verbal autopsy. They POLLED relatives of recently deceased patient to determine the cause of death. In many poor countries where there is no health infrastructure, not examine mortality or registration of the reasons is wrong. New research rejects the widespread belief that the majority of deaths from malaria among children under age 5. In 2010 more than 78,000 children over 14 years and 445,000 aged 15 years died of malaria, the two groups constitute 42% of the total number of deaths from malaria.

The mail malaria symptoms are malaise, weakness, anorexia, fever and headache. It is really dangerous disease, which is trasmitted by mosques and hurts about 150-200 millions of people every year.

Read the original article HERE

Learn more about Malaria HERE